HARI SINGH NALWA,  Army chief of Maharaja Ranjit singhji's Sikh empire  in 18 century. The most feared General by the enemies.He was instrumental in building the empire.

NAWAB KAPUR SINGH..

NAWAB KAPUR SINGH.. He is considered as one of the major figures in sikh history. Under his leadership the community traversed one of the darkest period of its history. He organized sikh confideracy and the dal khalsa and is considered as a leader and general  par excellence. he succeeded  darbara singh in 1737 and was  succeeded by  jassa singh Ahluwalia. he fought against forces  and policies of zakharia khan the mughal governor of lahore who  put a price for every sikhs head as bounty. Finally the governor came to terms. He was granted title nawab with a jagir of  consisting of three parghanas. he wore robes of honor and regal attire sent by the Mughals. he organised  the jathas  as buddha dal and  and taruna dal as army of veterans and the other as of young. Under his leadership ,slowly misls evolved as strength grew. in 1739 when nadir shah was returning from delhi with plunder, sikhs attacked rear guard of nadir shah at Akhnur near today's jammu and recovered lot of loot and saved many girls from captivity. The girls were escorted to their homes . sikhs again had to fight suppression of zakharia khan  and they killed  samad khan who murdered bhai mani singh earlier. Their effort to capture zakharia khan did not succeed. Zakharia khan continued his persecution and with large force a battle was fought at kahnuwan and sikhs lost and nearly 7000 we're taken captives and they were be headed  at lahore and this was known as chota ghalughara. Kapur singh owing to old age requested  to get  relieved and jassa singh succeeded him. he passed away on 9 oct 1753 at Amritsar.

 

METRO STATION.. DILSUKH NAGAR, HYDERABAD

 Security man.. You ... get down.. Do not jump. I shall .. Kill you.. if token is lost..get down and stay

Lady passenger.. O... seethsmma  come fast.. train might come soon.... come. fast. Eee..  fast.. Come.. Aaa... Eee. Oo. Eee..au. Fast , fast, fast ... come ...come.....come ... fast     

ZORAWAR SINGH.. GENERAL , CONQUEROR OF LADAKH FOR SIKH EMPIRE

 

 ZORAWAR SINGH. The great Sikh warrior  and GENERAL in service of  RAJA GULAB SINGH  of jammu. Kashmir during the   reign of maharajah ranjit Singh of Sikh empire. Kashmir  was part of Sikh empire and Gulab Singh was a vassal. khalsa army conquered Ladakh region under his leader ship and khalsa flag was  hoisted on ladakh capital at Leh. He pleaded with the maharajah Ranjit Singh that he be permitted to take an expedition to conquer Tibet for which the maharajah declined. Probably, he must have thought that the expedition was too dangerous  and risky apart from being very tedious. after the death of Ranjit Singh,  his son Sher Singh succeeded  to the throne after  some time and palace conspiracies . During his  reign, Zorawar Singh could convince the new maharajah about his proposed plan of conquering Tibet and it was approved. 

Zorawar Singh  collected 5000 strong force comprising of ladakhis ,  balties  and few Dogras. Very few Sikh soldiers were there.This proved to be a lacuna later.    

            Against all odds and hardships, he was able to attack Tibet plateau  and bitter battles were fought. Tibetans offered less resistance  initially  and  waited so that the attacking force got exhausted. Supplies and reinforcements became a problem soon  due to  treacherous terrain and climate and snow..  yet ,Zorawar Singh pressed on and Chinese and reinforced Tibetan army  now fought bitterly. In one of the battle  on 12 dec 1841 fought for three days ,Zorawar Singh was killed apart from heavy losses for khalsa army as they were already severely exhausted. Over ambition proved  counter productive for Zorawar Singh. The survivors returned to ladakh. Later, representatives of emperor of China and the rajah  Gulab Singh and the British met and signed an agreement and decided the borders.. Thus, Ladakh became part of India fully.

PV BHAJAN

 Guy on left..  PV was  not allowed to work in AP as CM. He was much negleted, Why  there is a big Bhajan in his favour?  A new dist may come up in his name or some thing may be renamed

Guy on right.  There is some thing. His daughter was also made a MLC. Poor guy has no peace even after death.

ESTATE OFFICERS TO PROTECT GOVT LANDS

 Guy on left... Govt is appointing estate officer in each dist 

Guy on right.. Hee Hee,  Actually the collectors are enough what they are doing. Why appoint more. Make the collectors and other staff work  more effectively and make them responsible.  New guys will be a burden too 

  DA   IMPOUNDED ARREARS.. HOW LONG TO WAIT..  MANY ARE LAST LEG  

  THEATRE COMMANDS

MAI BHAGO

MAI BHAGO.. THE FIRST SIKH WOMAN TO TAKE UP ARMS TO  FIGHT OPPRESSORS. In 1740, mughal army surrounded Anandpur sahib trapping Guru Gobind singh  and declared that any one who  declared that he  was  no longer with the Guru  would not be harmed and allowed to go . A group of  40 sikh soldiers of khalsa army except  one 'bedava' signed a statement led by Maha singh  that they were no longer with Guru Gobind singh  to escape death at the hands of mughals who surrounded them.  They were called chali. Milte. Mai BHAGO was upset over such betrayal of guru by 40 sikhs in her surroundings  and  criticized them bitterly  and they felt ashamed and  she rallied  the deserters to the Guru who was in malwa region at that time . They apologised to Guru. 

Mai BHAGO and the 40 men fought a bitter battle with the pursuing mughal  army at khidranain  (in mukhtasar battle) and in the battle all forty died except  Mahan singh and Mai BHAGO. Maha singh died in the lap of Guru  and Guru also took care of Mai BHAGO who was seriously injured. Her husband and brothers also were martyred. Some say,she lost her children too. Later ,she stayed  under the Guru Gobind Singh protection and after his death  at Nanded, she moved to   Janwada  13 km  away from  bidar and setup her dera. She passed away after leading a long life.

DEWAN MOOLRAJ CHOPRA..MULTAN he was a khatri dewan of multan

 DEWAN MOOL- RAJ CHOPRA was a staunch supporter of Maharajah ranjit Singh  and  his Sikh rebellion at Multan led to second Anglo Sikh war. He was arrested  after four moths of shelling Multan fort and tried for killing   of  two British officers in the rebellion . He was to be sentenced to death but was exiled. He was to be sent to Singapore jail but he died near Buxar when he was being taken to Benares jail.

            In second Anglo Sikh war fought, the Sikhs lost and were completely defeated and surrendered in battle of Gujrat. The empire was dissolved and Punjab was annexed to East India company. Thus, the great Sikh Empire very painstakingly built by the Maharajah Ranjit Singh  disappeared  in 1849 within ten years of his death in 1839. The successors were not up to  the mark.Palace conspiracies, lack of discipline among the royalty,  jealousies of nobles, wazirs, ministers and politicization of army proved disastrous to the empire and it was lost  soon .

Lord Narsimha at Yadadri

 Lord Narsimha to priest.  Hello priest ji.  What nonsense is going on at Yadadri. Why they are disturbing be in my cave. Why this  nuisance by VIPs. who asked to build this new temple. Did I ask ? Why these visits  without caring for timings. To day is last. 

CARTOON, DOCTORS PASSED OUT .. WITH PRIVATE COLLEGE BOOM

 Guy on left....   We passed MBBS, But we do not know how to get injections.

Guy on right. Simple it is. Say Nurse please give this injection. I am very busy

  BABA BAGHELA SINGH A MILITARY GENERAL in 18 century.                         Baghela singh   belonged to Krosa misl and member of sikh confererancy and in 1765 he became leader of the misl. He rose to prominence in area between satlej and Yamuna. He joined singh Krora misl member of sikh confederancy and in 1765 he became leader of the misl. When Abdali durrani  attacked Delhi he joined Andali in the fight against Muslims. At Malerkotla. He established himself at Hoshiarpur. He extended his influence greatly on North India and in 1764 he attacked sahranpur and captured areas of Najib ud daula and atook tribute of Rs 1100000. In 1776 he defeated Mughal army at Muzaffarnagar . In 1786 he defeated Mughal army of 100,000 and the   Mughal army surrendered  at Patiala. Baghela singh  and Emperror Shah Aalam agreed  that 12.5  percent of Octroi  collected at Sabzi mandi   would be  sent to  Sikhs.   And in turn  Sikhs would not attack delhi.He entered Delhi in 1783.  He built many Gurudwars in delhi . He died in 1802 at Hariana after an eventful career .

         

 

                               WHERE ARE WE  LEADING TO  BY RESERVATIONS

                                           Prof  Col DR  K  Prabhakar Rao Retd

 

                       Indira gandh's   slogan was GaribI Hatao i e remove poverty,  but she failed to accomplish it . So, she switched Over to ameeri hatao i.e remoce the rich.She abolished privy purses of former kings and rulers, perks, gun salutes, Titles, freedom arms act, red plates on carsetc and over night, they became common men. some became paupers.She nationalized private banks.very soon the banks became centres of inefficiency, lethargy, corruption and  places for scams over a period .  Crooks  ditched banks and committed scams  worth lakhs of crores of rupees  by people like  vijaya malya and many  others. Till now, no one has been caught and punished. Every scamster has escaped from this country and  is hiding abroad. We are fighting endless legal battles to nab them.,   After independence ,govt slogans were Merit hatao  and inefficiency badho..Reservations  went- on for decade after decade while  merit was  overlooked and crushed in to the ground. There is not a single MP who spoke against reservations. Generations of merit students and men and women were crushed and many families crashed to poverty, But our public representatives  and those at helm   of affairs never bothered. They enjoyed fat salaries, pensions, perks, air travel,rail travel, precedence,  personal security and  medical treatment abroad, The nation Promoted duds and nuts In all walks of life and in govt organizations and we have achieved it and going strong in this direction.. Reservations that were to go in 10 years have become permanent in India. Second rate or even third rate   stuff are promoted in all walks of life in all cadres  in all services except defense services to some extent.  Army too did not escape from political interference. The part played by Nehrus coterie before and after 1962 chinese war is well known and document. Nehru promopre Gen PN Thapar as army chief side lining recommendations of Gen thimmayya who nehru and Menon hated.In turn India suffered humiliating deat at the hands of China.

                         No politician including Modiji wants to touch this aspect of reservations  as he knows that any effort to touch reservations will  spell doom to the party and his election results. Naturally ,he has to play and dance to the tune. Defense services are not attracting talented persons of merit  as   inputs of quality  who are opting for foreign jobs, foreign studies and in IT industry and want to join IAS and IPS , but not defence services.. Left out stuff compete at SSB.As it is,  Services do not need highly intelligent people as they could be misfit. They need just  average guys who can fit in and follow the stream. Thus, defense services too are down graded in quality and thanks to the regular govt policies of down grading the   defense services every year . Thus. Entire nation is tending to  conglamation   as  a pack of useless nuts in all walks of life particularly in govt services and  politics. Industry recruit only quality material. India as a nation thus has come to stay as a third rate stuff although we claim very high and effective in administration In state and centre , govt offices, schools, colleges, universities, govt industries, corporations and of course politics where reservations are effective at all levels.

                      Infact, reservations are insult to the community which they do not Understand. Vested interests have taken over the country in all spheres   . There is no dearth of anti nationals all over the country constantly struggling to derail the country and India is inching towards  to a grave danger.tukde tukde gangs,  and gangs shouting hame Azadi chahiye, Azadi leke rahenge etc are flourishing in universities that have become centres of mischief than  some studies.Where we are leading to. Should we only watch and stare at them helplessly. Reservations have led to  creation of some mischief making power centres at some places and  in universities studies are much adversely affected by caste politics as a result of reservations.  who has to correct this . obviously those in power. Unless reservations are removed this ailment will not go from the country. Let economic reservations be there to help poor irrespective of caste. Then every section will have opportunity to rise. Why IAS and IPS officers children  need reservations? They have already come up in life.  Thus we see that there is a great lacuna  in the entire policy and unless  the govt corrects the system we will be caught in the endless  swirling shit pool from whivh there is no escape and what awats is country's  destruction ultimately.

BHAI PRAGAJI.. GREAT SIKH WARRIOR.. or Parag Das as he is named in the Bhatt Vahis, was the son of Gotam, a Chhibbar Brahman of village Kariala now in Jehlum district of Pakistan. Bhai Piraga embraced Sikh faith in the time of Guru Arjan. In the time of Guru Hargobind, he distinguished himself as a soldier and fought in the battles of Ruhela and Amritsar. According to the Bhatt VahTs, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das, who remained in attendance upon Guru Tegh Bahadur and who were martyred with him at Delhi in 1675, were the grandsons of Bhai Parag Das.

 BHAI PRAGAJI.. GREAT SIKH WARRIOR.. or Parag Das as he is named in the Bhatt Vahis, was the son of Gotam, a Chhibbar Brahman of village Kariala now in Jehlum district of Pakistan. Bhai Piraga embraced Sikh faith in the time of Guru Arjan. In the time of Guru Hargobind, he distinguished himself as a soldier and fought in the battles of Ruhela and Amritsar. According to the Bhatt VahTs, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das, who remained in attendance upon Guru Tegh Bahadur and who were martyred with him at Delhi in 1675, were the grandsons of Bhai Parag Das.

STRUGGLE AT ANDAMANS

                              STRUGGLE AT ANDAMANS

                                        DR K Prabhakar Rao

India became a slave to the English men

The rulers exploited  the nation to the hilt

to the agony of those who craved for freedom

while the  rascals in power in the country had no guilt

Sikhs stationed abroad had grand plans for freedom

They craved for Indian  freedom day and night

And came out with a grand committed plan

They drew their swords as freedom was their right

Ghadar party was born on American soil

Secret meetings were the order of the day

in the country they stood for freedom for all

As  people craved for English blood come what may

Spirits grew high as  the great world war was unleashed

Craving for freedom also to sky high  rose

Scores of patriots went to the gallows,

Like water coming out from a powerful hose

scores went to cellular jail  in Andamans

Where prisoners were tortured by  as if in hell 

Many perished in the dark  rooms in the jail

While the English men laughed loud to  saying all is well

Years passed and  prisoners became old and rickety

Yet their spirit was not broken  in the  den 

The jailors had full time work there

To intimidate  and break the spirits of men

 

INTO THE PAST WITH PAINS.. 348

 

                                             INTO THE PAST WITH PAIN.. 348

                                                        Dr K Prabhakar Rao

 

Gandhi and Patel and Nehru  are seen at  a bus depot at Hyderabad trying to catch a district bus. They want to go to the reservation counter They  stop a person for seeking guidance.

Gandhi. Oh Bhai. Where is the reservation counter?

Passenger.  My name is not bhai. I am  firki  ram

Gandhi. I want to go to ticket reservation counter

Firki.. Which ticket. Train ticket or bus ticket

Nehru. Oh bahia. If we are in bus depot obviously we want to go to Bus ticket counter,

Firki. Oh  go straight, turn left after twenty paces,  walk eight paced turn left again. You will get   stair  case, climb over it to first floor. You ask there. Someone will tell you

Patel. What nonsense this is.

Gandhi  .what we can do?

The trio goes  to first floor as directed and see a notice board. Patel goes to it and reads..   THE RESERVATION TICKET COUNTER HAS BEEN SHIFTED TO THE CELLAR IN GROUND FLOOR NEAR THE ENTRANCE TOWARDS  main road SIDE

Patel. Eee. Shit guys We have to go down and again search.

Gandhi. There is no other go. Let us go.

The trio slowly drag their feet and get down to ground floor and  slowly walk towards the  other side entrance. Gandhi suddenly steps on a banana peel and slips

Gandhi. Oh..Oh.. Mar gaya.. I am dead.. save me

Before patel catches him Gandhi slips  by ten feet falling head long. His stick is thrown off

Gandhi.. eee   oh.. oh   save me  I am dead

Patel and Nehru help Gandhi to stand. Gandhi gets bruses on his knees

Nehru. Bapu did you not see the peel. Bapu be careful. We are in Hyderabad the number one  chaotic city of India.  Be careful. Some pawn chewing guy from Ist floor can spit on you all over the body.

Gandhi. Chee,,chee, Do not wish like that. He may even spit on you. Why me only? You should be more concerned as you are putting white sherwani and white cap. I am half naked fakir.

(They try to seek the cellar and finally trace it and dark tunnel type entrance it has. At the entrance three street dogs are sitting watching the trio suspiciously)

Patel,. Bapu do not go near them. They appear to be unhappy

Gandhi. OK OK .

 They avoid the dogs and enter the cellar where lights are dim. There are some people at the window crowded with no queue. Patel goes to counter at finds none there.

Patel. Bapu. There is none at the counter.

A passenger.   Brother,  he has gone to have tea. The tea stall is outside the compound in the street

Patel. Oh no . What types of guys are here? It is already 1100 hrs. We have spent more than hour searching the place.

(The counter clerk arrives after half an hour and lazily opens the counter door and enters the cabin and sits on his chair. He gets busy counting cash for ten minutes and then opens   the counter. Al the guys waiting crowd up at the )

Clerk. Please come in a line . Other wise I can not sell tickets.

(All people  form a line slowly and Patel  reaches the counter after half  an hour.  He takes three tickets to Surya pet. They slowly reach the bus bay where the bus going to Surya pet will arrive)

Note. In AP and telangana the bus stands are being called now as Bus bay like in America although there is no improvement  at the places and they are as bad as earlier.Indians are good at Aping west in names.The bus is already standing at the  bay and the trio slowly board. Gandhi while trying to get in slips but patel catches him in time. They get a three seater and settle down. After 15 minutes the  bus starts and proceeds to Surya pet.  Surya pet is a t distance of 110 km from Hyderabad on Vijaywada highy way. The driver is driving the bus at break neck speed.

 

Gandhi. Bhai Driver sahib please drive a bit slowly. I am scared

Driver. This is our usual speed.  I can not go slow. Otherwise  I will get  latemarks

Gandhi. Oh what type of guys are there at the steering.

Finally the bus reaches surya pet after two hours. They get down at court premices. And walk into compound

Patel. Bapu why you brought us here. I have no idea

Gandhi. To day a statue of  Galwan valley hero  Is  being unveiled here

Patel. Why the statue is installed her?. Why not in Hytderabad city?

Gandhi.The matyr Col Babu is from this place. The poor guy died fighting the Chinese PLA with clubs, sticks, stones, iron rods etc

Patel. Chee  chee, Why with sticks and stones? Don’t they have rifles? What they are doing at border without rifles.

Gandhi. They have rifles but they are not allowed to take them as per some silly  agreement.

Patel. Ridiculous indeed.  I heard we lost twenty persons including Col babu in the clash. Who has to be blamed?

Gandhi. Surely the top brass and  top politicians. The army guys  are facing enemy with hands tied. They have no orders to fire when enemy intrudes in. I said non violence is our motto. But not this type.  Poor soldiers died for none of their fault. Govt washes hands after a ceremonial  cremation and some  financial benefits to family.

Patel. But nothing will bring back the dead.

Nehru. Why this failure occurred. I heard we were caught with our pants down when PLA intruded.  We were busy in covid phase I and intelligence failed on all fronts.

Patel. very bad indeed

In the mean time, a state govt minister arrives with his chamchas and garlands the statue after removing the mask. All clap and shout jai hind, Col Bau amar  rahe

The ministers quickly vanish from the place after performing ritual and  the gathering also vanishes.

Patel. From tomorrow, life I will be as usual. No one will salute col Babu who looks grimly from pedestal. In a months   time, the statue will catch dust and babu does not look like babu. After one year some gay will paint it black  and no one will be able to read the plaque and know  whois standing on the pedestal.

Gandhi. True. Well said. These  statues have no meaning when you do not take care. I saw many of my statues standing on iron rods instead of legs. Concrete peeled off and no one is bothered.  The are is full of filth and pigs roll over there,

Patel. Bapu, through out India it is like that,

Gandhi.. How sad. Come on, let us go.  Now  we shall not go by bus. We vanish as usual.

 The trio walks out of gate and vanish singing Ramdhun

Statue of babu  appears  dejected

 

                                           CURTAIN FALLS

 BABA BINOD SINGH was the descendant of Guru Angad   and was in army and he was one of the persons who followed Guru Gobind Singh  to  Nanded in south India in  1708.Guru Gobind Singh made him the first jathedar and head of khalsa  army.of budha dal. He was sent to Punjab by the Guru along with Banda bahadur to punish Wazir khan governor of sirhind. The battle of Chappar Chori was fought in 1710 in which  baba Binod Singh commanded left wing of khalsa army. Wazir khan was killed  in the battle. He developed difference with banda at  Gurdas nangal where the 4000 khalsa   army was  surrounded in a fort by Mughal army of 100,000 strength and with his followers he left  Banda singh  and went to Goindwal  . They were called tath khalsa. It is believed that baba Binod Singh lost his life in a massacre in which about 4000 sikhs died  in 1716. He was a great warrior   and fought battles at 12 places and battle of Gurdas Nangal was the last one.

  RANI SADA   KAUR. . She was the  wife of   Gurbaksh singh kanhaiah son of Jai singh kanhaiah chief of misl kanhiah in Punjab.Sikhs were organised as misls with a chief and after Ahmed shah Durrani left. India , attacks on India reduced very much. Sikhs always were united when fighting a foreign enemy. But when there was no external threat, quarreled among them selves. The misles fought each other frequently. Rani   sada kaur   was widowed when her husband died in a fight along with jai singh with another misl Superchakia to which Ranjit  singh was the chief, who later became maharaja of Punjab. She cleverly got her daughter married to Ranjit singh. She along with her 10,000 cavalry helped Ranjit singh to establish himself and both entered Lahore together as co rulers. she knew that Ranjit wielded great influence over sikh misles and got him coronated as king of Punjab.and helped him on his connquests at  Amritsar  Chinot, Kadur, Attock and Hazara. But,she later developed differences when Ranjit singh wanted to remarry leaving his wife who was her daughter. She started parleys with senior British officers to 8under mine interests of Ranjit singh and Ranjit Singh  kept Sada kaur under watch. She died  in 1832 seven years before Ranjit singh.

 BHAI BISHEN SINGH, He was a Namdhari sikh ,When 12 years old, he cliched to the flowing beard of DC  of Ludhiana, Mr Cowan during   Malekotla massacres in 1871. He did not leave in spite of loud shrieks and screams  from Cowan. The soldiers  standing close by then  killed the boy by sword and cut off his hands, He became a martyr.

 BANDA SINGH  BAHADUR  EARLIER KNOWN AS LAKSHMAN DEV. He was from  jammu region and played very dominant role after the death of Guru gobind Singh, the tenth guru of sikhs at Nanded. 

The Guru fought mughal emperor  Most cruel and cunning Aurangzeb  through out his life and all his four sons were sacrificed in the struggle. The two elder sons laid down lives in battles while the two younger sons  were bricked alive by wazir khan the governor of sirhind. 

BANDA SINGH organised the sikh army   and waged wars against mughals as retaliation. Battle  of Sirhind was fought on may 2, 1710 and   Wazir khan the  governor was killed in the battle. Revenge was thus  accomplished. Banda played havoc with mughal forces in Punjab  and   the mughals  by virtue of large army recovered lost  territories and the sikhs were driven to hills. Farukh siyar was the emperror at Delhi. Finally at gurdas nangal ,4000 sikh army was were put under seize by 100,000 mughal troops and  Bandas army in the fort were subject to great sufferings  without food and water. Internal differences between Banda and a fellow commander Baba Binod singh Jatjedar of Budha dal  made situation mote difficult. Baba  Binod singh with his followers escaped from the fort opening the gates .   At last, the sikh army was captured and prionsers were taken to Delhi where they were put to great insults torture and Banda was executed  by beheading  on 9 June 1716 along with scores of associates. An era in sikh history came to an end. It was revived again only during maharaja Ranjit singhs time.

 BABA DEEP SINGHJI, SAINT WARRIOR,  He was  initiated into khlasa path by guru   Gobind 

  Singh in 1699. He rose to become   a great scholar and learned man in contemporary days. He fought and led many battles    to establish khalsa  raj. He also fought along with Banda singh Bahadur  in 1709 T Sadahura to avenge killing of  pir Budhu shah by Usman khan a mughal  and he was killed and his army was decimated. He also fought in the great battle chappar chori along with Banda singh in 1710- 11 in which wazir khan governor of sirhind was killed.  Wazir khan bricked alive two younger sons of Guru Gobins Singh .  In  1757, Ahmedsha Abdali Durrani attacked Delhi and was returning with  captives and large booty and his army was confronted at Kurukshetra and inflicted great defeat on Durrani and captives and booty were  liberated. But, he was decapitated in the battle. Yet, he held his decapitated head in hand and rode to 

Harmandir sahib at Amritsar with his 15 kg double edged sword held high in hand   and gave up his life there... Great warrior and saint he was indeed. He is held in very high esteem by all.

 MAHARAJ SINGH. He was the first person to rise against the Btitish  after fall of the Sikh empire and he was exiled to Singapore jail where died

SHAM SINGH ATTARIWALA

 SHAM SINGH ATTARIWALA. SIKH COMMANDER IN FIRST ANGLO SIKH WAR.fought 1945,1946..at sabrwan spelled sobraon by the British. Became a MARTYR..A Sikh commander TEJ SINGH reportedly betrayed Sikh army and joined British midway due to which a boat pontoon bridge  gave way  in middle of battle. It is said that the commander Tej singh directed cannon fire on the bridge causing the  bridge failure.20,000 Sikhs were trapped on east bank . Some sources say that the bridge gave way due to a large crowd of soldiers on it.  Soldiers  could  not withdraw and Sham Singh attariwala valiantly led the battle against the British forces and was killed in the battle and most of them fought to death. British horse artillery lined up on the bank and fired into the crowd that jumped into the waters causing many deaths.. Sikh  army was 26000 against 20000 of the company troops.This was a very great defeat for Sikhs and 8000 to 10000 sikh troops were killed and scores of guns  were captured by British..They had to sign a treaty surrendering large fertile lands in doab to the British and major portions of Kashmir were sold to Gulab Singh the dogra chief..

Maharaja Ranjit singhji

 MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH OF SIKH EMPIRE IN PUNJAB ( 13 Nov 1780   27 June 1839 ). He was great warrior, administrator  and statesman  and even conquered Afghanistan that no one could defeat  earlier. He maintained very strong army and even employed English officers with strict discipline of no alcohol and no beef. After his death in 1839, the kindom quickly broke away in to small   sikh kingdoms vassals to  the British . He employed people from other faiths to high positions in the kingdom and was purely secular.He  gave away lot of gold to  Masjids, temples and Gurudwars for development . Sikh empire was dissolved in 1849 after second Anglo sikh war. The empire survived for mere ten years. The kingdom  was divided in to many princely states  who were vassals to the British crown and all these  finally came under  the British administration and the princes were mere puppets in the hands of Englishmen. Most of these princes were easy going, fun loving and lived in luxuries ,pomp and show. The discipline Of Ranjit Singh vanished  within ten years. Betrayals  and assassinations of rulers  became order of the day. Inefficient    administration and loss of discipline in army resulted  in breakup of  the empire  and it  was lost into this air..

  HIRA SINGH KUKA.Saklodi, Patiala,  He  was an associate of Baba Ram singh, the spiritual head and took part in  attacks at  Malerkotla and  Maloud    and  was  arrested  by the Bristish administration. He was blown off  by cannon fire along with many in 1872.. 

 BABA RAM SINGH  spiritual head of Namdhari sikhs.He gave a call for  non co operation and swadeshi movement. In Punja at Amritsar and Ludhiana, there was great   turmoil in 1871 against Cow slaughter. This resulted in many deaths  of those who slaughter cows and the British govt arrested many Namdhari sikhs    . Some  Namdhari sikhs were hanged while about 66 Namdharis  were blown out by Cannon fire in 1872.  As a consequence to the developments Baba Ram singh was exiled to Burma from where he did not return.

JWALA PRASHAD,  He  was  a commander of Nana Sahib in 1857 war. He was captured in 1860 and was hanged at Kanpur on  3 may 1860
 

MANGAL PANDEY..His action  at meerut cantt in 1857 gave a spark to the simmering unrest and  unleashed first war of Independence shaking Britsh power severly and later Queen victoria abolished East India Company and took over India under her control. MANGAL PANDEY WHO WAS AN ARMY SOLDIER WAS HANGED AT  BARRACKPORE CANTT,  Calcutta 
 

 

                                   

 

 

                       ENVIRONMENTAL               CONSIDERATION IN ENGINEERING             

                    

                                    Prof  Col Dr K Prabhakar Rao  .Veteran 

            Former Professor and principal of raja Mahendra college of Engineering 

                                              Ibrahim  patnam, Hyderabad 

                                

               Of late, the awareness of environmental effects on social and biological factors

Relating to human beings has been spreading greatly worldwide. For centuries, this aspect   was neglected, and the present generation, is already facing the adverse effects of the fore fathers towards the environment and the future generations would curse us for our failings towards the environment.

             Environment can be defined as the total of all social, technological, biological, physical and chemical elements that compose our surroundings. Physical environment gives various resources for mass survival. Enterprises operate within and interact with it the environment and  provides the living beings, such as food, energy, water, materials, land for sustaining life and for producing goods. The environment also acts a receiver for waste disposal.

              All business enterprises have different goals apart from making profits,. The goals are dependent on resources, social constraints, govt regulations and profits.  Basic goals of an enterprise are:

 

1 survival   

2.Long-term viability

3.Financial Viability

4.Conservation of resources

5.Pofitability  

6 Financial soundness to sustain

7 Growth

8.Capability of the enterprise to change and adjusting to changing needs of the society

9.Social responsibility

10.To promote harmony with the society around.

            

            The managers of the enterprises   have to carefully plan their strategies to conserve the resources, energy and materials for greater profitability and he has to ensure clean surroundings with harmless waste disposal methods. He has great responsibility towards the society. An enterprise pursues its goal with the permission from the Govt and society and it has to operate within certain laws and regulations. At present, the enforcement of the law is weak everywhere. But, it does not give the managers of the enterprises to pollute the environment as they feel like. The longevity of the environment depends on our attitude towards the surroundings. India is rather a chaotic and complex country and is highly overcrowded. It has innumerable problems like religious, social staring at us. As a matter of fact, the attitude of business community is indifferent to the society and environment. The laws of the land are full of loopholes. Thus, defaulters escape without any punishment. Judicial process in the country is long drawn full ogf loop holes and  culprits escape easily from Law. Invariably long rope is given to culprits, Corrupted  society, helps  the offenders greatly to escape from the  law. As an example  the water resources in Hyderabad  city can be quoted. During the era of Nizam 7 there were  many reservoirs big and small in around the city of Hyderabad . To day they have disappeared due to land grabbing by land sharks    hand in glove   with officials of various departments  and real estate agents. Only handful lakes are left and they are also on the verge of extinction. Who is to be blamed? Thus, there is a greater need for education and understanding of environmental awareness in Indian context. Man has been playing with his surroundings in different ways  and mismanaging. The various issues can be summarized as under:

a. Air pollution in industries

b. Water pollution due to mixing of industrial wastes, Effluents, Sewage and oil spillage

c. Ground water pollution due to seepage of industrial effluents.

d. Land erosion due to deforestation for cultivation and road building

e. Nuclear explosions

f. Use of pecticides, chemicals in agriculture to destroy pests

g. Use of chemical based fertilizer in agriculture sector

h  Ground water depletion due to uncontrolled drilling of bore wells.

  i. Un controlled urbanization  without forward thinking  

 

               In Indian context, it has been observed that most of the industries have been developed very close to the populated cities. Secondly, even if the industries were located away from the cities, over a period of time, they have been surrounded by the colonies of the residents. Thus, the areas have been polluted in all aspects and there has been no way  out.  The Govt attitude, lack of rigid laws added fuel to the fire. The industrial belt of Patahncheu, Uppal Jeedimatla, Kate Dan near Hyderabad can be well quoted as a classic example apart from the Siris factory at LB Nagar near Hyderabad where ground water has been polluted to such an extent that there have been many instances where cattle died due to drinking water in these areas. The residents suffered due to respiratory ailments. The Siris factory had polluted colonies around to such an extent that the ground water   turned red in color and could be consumed by human beings or cattle. With great difficulty the company has been made to shift operations. But damage already occurred. The nallahs in jeedimatla and patahncheu carry effluents like chemical foam reaching Hussein sagar in city. With great difficulty, some control could be achieved by diverting nallahs to save Hussein sagar. These are only few examples to draw attention. The scenario would be same throughout India. All industrial towns are plagued by environmental pollution. The densely populated cities are also suffering due to automobile pollution. The vehicles emit dangerous compounds from their exhaust. These cause breathing problems to the people and the problem is growing day by day although efforts are made in all towns to control this problem by enforcing checking of vehicle engines.  A compulsory pollution free certificate has been introduced for vehicles.

 

               The Govt has greater role to play in this regard as it is the body for making laws and enforcing.  However, equally important is the requirement for educating the public specially the student community. Students of today are the citizens of tomorrow. Thus there is an immediate need for educating the students at various levels on this issue. The education should start at school level and must continue at college level too.  At Engineering Colleges, the study of pollution problems and the solutions must form detailed study in their curriculum. The engineers should foresee environmental influences on various design problems and initiate corrective actions before- hand instead of acting on adhoc way. This has to be a continuous process and there is no period of rest for any one.

 

 It is strongly recommended that the study of environmental pollution by human beings be included as a separate subject with one or two electives in the subjects at 3 rd or 4 Th year level. This would go a long way in preparing the nation in fighting the pollution problems and we can hope to see clean environment in future. 

 MILKHA SINGH Padma sri. He was from Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers of Indian army. He became  very famous when he won a gold medal at Olympics in  running. He passed away on 18 june 2021 at Chadigarh at advanced age of 91  due to covid 19 .Flying Sikh popularly known , was an Indian track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He is the only athlete to win gold at 400 metres at the Asian Games as well the Commonwealth Games. He also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He represented India in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements.  He is the best athletics sportsman ever produced  by India.

 BHAI LEHNA SINGH. He was Namdhari sikh. He was arrested along with three more companions for killing  those who slaughtered cows during British Raj in 1871.  they were sentenced to death and were publicly hanged at Rambagh in Amritsar where a shaheed memorial stands to day in their honour.

 MIAN RAM SINGH PATHANIA  son of Sham singh minister of Nurpur . He was exiled to Burma as state prisoner in 1858 to Moulmein prison where he died

                                           WILL POLICY OF PROHIBITION SUCCEED?

                                          Prof  Dr colonel   K Prabhakar Rao.. Retd.

                  The policy of implementation of policy of prohibition is the result of whimsical behavior of the leaders who manage to get elected to various state assemblies in the country and is a catchy slogan   and aimed at short sighted ventures. The entire world had tried the trick but failed miserably. The leaders miserably failed and they ran after a mirage. It is   tragic to note that the govt leaders instead of solving various other problems such as traffic congestion on roads, housing problems for poor and middle classes, pollution in cities and industrial areas, water shortage, waste disposal, crime prevention, flesh trade, child abusing, Rapes, dowry harassment, child lifting, public health, prevention of epidemics, mosquito menace, preventive vaccinations, etc. are running after wild goose chase where no one has been ever been  successful. In the process ,state coffers  are also emptied in wasteful expenditure and schemes of welfare . wherever something is given free it is not respected and generates laziness. The useless schemes also result in excessive taxation by govt on trade, registrations of houses lands, motor vehicles, sales and commercial taxes,  petrol  diesel and gas making lives utterly  difficult.

                 The govt in fact has  trespassed   into individual rights. The govt has  no right to dictate what to drink and what not. Any thing done excessively is bad. Any one drinking  and becoming a nuisance to public   is not accepted. They have to be disciplined. The women who  spear head these agitations are  short sighted and are after some popularity. Why they are not agitating against  dowry menace, wife beating, harassment for additional dowry  which are rampant in Telugu land.

               Even MK Gandhi, father of nation tried his hand at Prohibition when he was alive and gave up. There was a song  sung by C Nagiah famous actor singer.. kallu manandoi babu kallu teravandoi..long time ago in an old cinema when  such attempts were made. It means  stop drinking and open your eyes.  No one has stopped drinking and opened eyes. They are as usual.   In former  AP   state during  Naidus time,  prohibition was introduced as election gimmick.   However,  the people from Hyderabad travelled  to close by Karnataka border near Bidar in cars and travelled to Bidar as free citizens. They enjoyed at Bars in Bidar or near by places   and returned back to Hyderabad under the nose of AP police. Nothing could be done by govt. At last the policy was lifted.

                     Although many legislators  fully know that the policy of prohibition  would be a utter failure keep mum and clap at the imposition of policy wherever it is  forced up on because they are after party policies and election manifesto, and fear for their posts  such as  ministerial births, corporate chairmanships for which they worked hard. They are short  sighted too in this aspect. Apart from making govt bankrupt due to loss of revenue the policy of prohibition promotes corruption in police and excise departments. Even  the policy promotes illicit distillation and consumption of spurious liquor. Deaths  occur due to poisoning by country liquor. Toddy is exempted from prohibition. Toddy tapping is an age old profession and a section of community is India and in Telugu lands is living on this profession. Toddy is also an intoxicant. Can toddy be prohibited by govt? Probably never. It will result in social  chaos and great social uprising. Many people also died due to adulteration of toddy till date. But it continues unabated. 

                      The govt instead of forcing some whimsical policies on people that leads us to no where should concentrate on better  governing than living in glass houses and talking high. Drinking liquor is age old habit even in Vedic times and in the bygone ages. Even  during the rule of lord Rama the vice of drinking was there. washer man Tippadu under the influence of liquor beat  on suspicion as his wife went to her relatives house. consequently the Intelligence men of Lord Rama informed about the  state of affairs in the town including washer mans episode to Lord rama.  As a consquence, Rama  sent away Sita to the jungles   and discared her . The story is long and all  Hindus know about it.   No one will be able to stop it. Even Devas are habituated to drinks. It is there in scriptures and it is called Sura.All devas are addicted to Sura. However, govt should ensure that illicit liquor trade is curbed ruthlessly. It should also ensure that discipline and law and order   in society is maintained by proper checks.

 

                             Lesser known  Tamil Martyrs who fought the British

                                During East India Company Rule

                             Prof  Dr colonel  K Prabhakar Rao    Retd            

     Polygor system in Tamilnadu in south India was the administration echelon established during the rule of Vijayn agar empire. They were subordinates to Madhura naiks who were vassals to the Vijaynagar emperor who was stationed at Hampi till the battle of tallikota in 1565. Later, the capital was shifted to Penukonda and subsequently to Chandragiri / vellore  presently in Chithoor dist in Andhra Pradesh. Sri Ranga III was a titular head of the empire and the Madhura naiks over a period became important. Over a period, the polygors  literally became  independent. They had forts, palaces, army, held Durbars,  maintained law and order and dispensed justice. The revenue was collected by them and they kept  1/4 of the revenue and sent the balance to the Madhura Naik. After the  power of Nayaks weaned away, the east India company  became the  supreme power and most of the polygors submitted to the company.      

                Veerara Pandya kattabomman was the most important polygor in Tamil nadu .He revolted against the East India Company  over the policies and  the company rule  . He fought  the first Polygor war or  panchalakurichhi war with company forces and  he retreated to forests and carried on guerilla war. The fort at Panchala kurichhi was destroyed by the revengeful  English men .  He was  later however betrayed by some of his men . After a very brief trial ,he was publicly hanged in 1799 along with his brother and some  followers . A memorial  fort like structure and a museum  stands at the site in his memory and honour.

 

1 Marudhu Brothers

222 Theo In the   another revolt against the British broken     out                                                                                                           In the  later years, another revolt against the British broke out in Sivagangai, in present  l  day Sivagangai district of Tamil Nadu. It was led by two brothers, Periya Marudhu and Chinna Marudhu, popularly known as the Marudhu brothers took place. The brothers too defied the British attempt to collect taxes from Sivagangai and offered refuge to many of Kattabomman’s followers.

·      They launched a covert war against the British, with the help of Pazhassi Raja of nearby Wayanad in present-day Kerala. This came to be known as the Second Polygar War. The Marudhu brothers were also defeated and hanged in 1801. The British were wary of the Polygars and forced them to disband their armies, transforming them into  powerless and mere rent-seeking zamindars or landlordsEOS

·      LIVING HISTORY

·       

·       

 2.       Velu Nachiyar,

                     The little-known queen from Tamil Nadu, was the first Indian ruler to fight and triumph against the powerful British. She did this in 1780, 77 years before the First War of Independence  fought in  1857 . Popularly known as ‘veeramangai’ (brave woman), she also devised the first recorded suicide bombing in history, with her Dalit woman commander-in-chief Kuyili.

                   Born in 1730 to Raja Chellamuthu Vijaya ragunatha Sethupathy and                           Rani Sakandimuthal, she was an only child. The royal couple thus raised her as they would have raised a male heir. She was trained in horse-riding, archery, and martial arts such as wielding sword,  valari (throwing sickle) and silambam (fighting with a stick). She was also well-versed in several languages, including English, French, and Urdu.

When she was 16, Velu Nachiyar was married to Muthuvadugananthur Udaiyathevar, the prince of Sivagangai. They had a daughter together called Vellachi, and ruled over the kingdom for over two decades – from 1750 to 1772, until the year that Mathuvadugananthur Udaiyathevar was killed by the British

‘Veeramangai’ Velu Nachiyar.  : 

After the British invaded Sivagangai with the son of the Nawab of Arcot and killed Velu Nachiyar’s husband in what is known as the ‘Kalaiyar Koil War’, she was forced to flee her kingdom with   Gopala Nayaker.

                     During her stay in Dindigul, Velu Nachiyar met Haider Ali, the Sultan and the then ruler of Mysore. She conversed with him in Urdu and highly impressed him with her courage and perseverance. This led to her garnering unwavering support not just from Gopala Nayaker, but also from Haider Ali, who pledged to be her ally in her fight against the British. He even built a temple inside his palace as a sign of their friendship  . She found safe haven at Virupachi in Dindigul, and lived there for eight years under the sanctuary.

 

During this period, she formed an army     with the help of  Gopala Nayaker and Hyder Ali with the aim of attacking the British, whom she did successfully fought in 1780. When Velu Nachiyar found the place where the British stored their ammunition, she arranged a suicide attack successfully. Nachiyar was one of the few rulers who regained her kingdom, and ruled it for ten more years  In 1790, the throne was inherited by her daughter Vellacci

 

3Dheeran chinnamalai

 

Mamannar Dheeran Chinnamalai was born on 17 April 1756 in Melapalayam, Kangeyam near Erode, Tamil Nadu. His birth name was Theerthagiri Gounder.

 Mamannar Dheeran Chinnamalai was one of the main commanders in the Polygar Wars, notably during the Second Polygar War that took place in 1801–1802. He was trained by French military in modern warfare alongside Tipu Sultan to fight against the British East India company and helped in victories against the British at Chitheswaram, Mazahavalli and Srirangapatna.After Kattabomman and Tipu Sultan's deaths, Chinnamalai sought the help of Marathas and Maruthu Pandiyar to attack the British at Coimbatore in 1800. British forces managed to stop the armies of the allies and hence Chinnamalai was forced to attack Coimbatore on his own. His army was defeated and he escaped from the British forces.  Chinnamalai engaged in guerrilla warfare and defeated the British in battles at Cauvery in 1801, Odanilai in 1802 and Arachalur in 1804

Mamannar Dheeran Chinnamalai was betrayed by his cook Nallapan and was captured by the British sepoys in 1805.  He was hanged at Sankagiri Fort along with his two brothers on 31 July 1805 on the day of Aadi Perukku.

 

4.PULI THEVAR

 

Puli Thevar was a poligar (or palayakarar) who ruled Nerkattumseval situated in the Sankarankoil taluk of Tamil Nadu. Puli Thevar who belongs to the warrior Maravar community was one of the earliest freedom fighters. He is one of the first Indian kings to have fought and defeated the British in India.

He is one of the earliest opponents of the British rule in South India. He was involved in a vendetta with the Nawab of Arcot who was supported by the British. Thevar’s prominent exploits were his confrontations with Marudhanayagam, who later rebelled against the British in the late 1750s and early 1760s.Puli thevar was captured   by the troops of Mohammed ali the arcot nawab and he was confined in the temple handcuffed. However as per legends the hand cuffs were broken with divine interference and Puli Thevar was not found any where later. People believe that the Lord Madeva took him with him. There are no reports of his death any where and remained a great mystery.

Nelkatumseval was the headquarters of Puli Thevar, the first chieftain in India to resist the British.The author of the Thirunelveli District Gazetteer, H.R. Pate, observes as follows:

Nelkatumseval is chiefly memorable as having been in the eighteenth Century stronghold of the redoubtable Puli Thevar, who figured for many years as the leader of the Marava Confederacy against the troops of the Nawab and the Company. He had a shrewd insight into the political situation of the time and was a veritable thorn against the side of the Nawab’s agents.

Pulithevar remains one of the illustrious figures in the chequered history of palayakarars. The vivacity of his character gave him an ascendancy over the western palayakarars, while his determined resistance to the Nawab’s overlordship made him a potential enemy of the Wallajahs. He was the principal architect of the coalition of the palayakkars organised against  the British  rule in India .

Conclusion..Polygors were the  provincial rulers in South India and   hated the British supremacy.   There were constant  rivalries with the British  and  they also had internal feuds between them  that aided the company administration. Betryals were common. Most of the rebel polygors were betrayed by their enmies to the British and thus were eliminated. However the spirit that they ignited  did not die.

 It continued right  into nineteenth century and finally resulted in the great 1857 war that resulted in taking over of the rule of India by queen Victoria and her successors till India was granted freedom in 1947.Although centuries have passed, the deeds of some  brave polygors are still remembered with pride in the country. Victor  writes  history always. The history books written during the rule of the British obviously  do not glorify these heroes and their achievements, There is a need to edit the Indian  history books to project realities  . 

 

Bibliography,

 

1.   Rajesh Govinda Rajulu, Polygors Heroes of Tamil Nadu, https://www.livehistoryindia.com/snapshort-histories/2019/05/05/the-polygar-heroes-of-tamil-nadu

2.    Veera Pandya kattabomman  Wikipedia

3.   Puli thevar ultimate rebel warrior, https://www.hinduhistory.info/puli-thevar-the-ultimate-rebel-warrior/